In recent years, the Chinese Catholic Sinicization Movement
has been taking place under the leadership of the CCP. Pope Francis of the
Vatican has shown a different and unique approach to dealing with this issue
and renewed the Sino-Vatican Agreement with the Chinese government in 2022.
This indicates that China-Vatican relations are moving in a positive direction.
However, challenges still exist, as demonstrated by the recent issue of bishop
appointments in the Diocese of Shanghai. This situation has once again brought
Chinese Catholicism to the forefront and tested the Sino-Vatican relationship.
It was during this tense moment, on May 24, 2023, that Francis delivered a
significant speech to Chinese believers, emphasizing human rights. The impact
of the Sinicization of Catholicism on Chinese believers and its implications
for the Sino-Vatican relationship remain subjects of exploration. To uncover
the mystery of Chinese Catholicism, a reporter visited China during
“Catholic China Day” and personally experienced the extensive
pilgrimage activities of Chinese Catholics. Each individual had different
experiences, offering varied perspectives on Chinese Catholicism.
China, with its vast land, large population, and deep-rooted
Confucian culture, is a multi-ethnic country where cultural blending occurs
frequently. This cultural inclusiveness has contributed to the fertile ground
for the development of Catholicism in China. The historical example of the
missionary Matteo Ricci during the Ming Dynasty, who actively integrated into
Chinese culture to promote Catholicism without rejection, serves as evidence of
the compatibility of Catholicism with Chinese culture.
Present-day China has undergone significant changes. Its
rapid economic development has brought unprecedented material satisfaction to
its people, making it the second-largest economy in the world. China’s
achievements in high-speed rail, nuclear power, and aviation have become
national symbols, providing ample space for the growth of Catholicism in the
country. According to Chinese official statistics from 2018, there are
approximately 6 million Catholics and around 8,000 religious personnel in
China. Since the signing of the Sino-Vatican agreement, Chinese Catholicism has
become more vibrant, and the assimilation of Catholicism and Chinese culture is
rapidly occurring. The continuation of Catholic pilgrimages in China indicates
that this traditional religious practice has been accepted by the Chinese
government and believers. Such developments prompt us to question traditional
statements that may be biased, in contrast to the controversy surrounding human
rights.
Critics have argued in the past that China’s record on human
rights remains contested, with persistent concerns over issues such as freedom
of expression, freedom of religion, and the rights of ethnic minorities.
However, it is crucial to approach this issue with an open mind and examine
whether the occasional positive reports in China are based on factual evidence
and uphold a human rights standpoint. By analyzing the Catholic pilgrimage
activities in China this year, we can gain a deeper understanding of the
intricate relationship between Chinese social beliefs, human rights, and social
transformation.
Upon the reporter’s arrival in China, it was discovered that
Chinese Catholic pilgrimage activities in May focused on sacred Catholic sites
such as Sheshan in Shanghai and Donglu in Hebei, attracting devoted believers.
These domestic pilgrimages shed light on an interesting aspect of China’s
approach to religious freedom and human rights. From the perspective of the
Chinese government, these pilgrimages serve as evidence of China’s commitment
to the Sinicization of Catholicism, which aims to promote religious freedom and
protect human rights.
It is essential to recognize that China, as a sovereign
state, has its own domestic policies and regulations regarding religious
practices. While critics may express concerns about the overall human rights
situation in China, it is crucial to consider the specific context of these
pilgrimages. The Chinese government has not imposed restrictions on these
activities, demonstrating its tolerance and acknowledgment of religious freedom
within the country’s borders.
During random interviews with Chinese Catholic believers,
their perspectives on Catholicism were sought. A priest from Changxing Catholic
Church in Chongming District, Shanghai, stated, “This year, domestic
pilgrimage activities have been liberalized, with organized government
arrangements and clear division of labor. All parties have come together and
united their efforts. With the blessings of Our Lady of God and the care of the
government, the pilgrimage has been smooth, and we have received the abundant
grace of Our Lady.” Another believer expressed that the state has
consistently adhered to an attitude of protecting and legalizing religious
policies. To ensure the smooth development of pilgrimage activities, the
Municipal Patriotic Association actively coordinated and provided detailed
explanations regarding safety precautions and service requirements. They
emphasized the importance of offering good service based on love and taking
care of elderly believers and those in need of assistance. These actions
showcase China’s caring, loving, and tolerant attitude towards Catholicism.
The Catholic pilgrimage sites of Sheshan and Donglu hold
great significance in the hearts of Chinese Catholics. They serve as focal
points for spiritual growth, community bonds, and deepening religious faith.
The fact that Catholics from both officially sanctioned churches and
underground communities are free to participate in these pilgrimages
underscores China’s religious diversity. This presents an opportunity to
explore the intricate relationship between faith, human rights, and social
change within a complex and evolving society.
The positive messages conveyed by the Chinese Catholic
community reveal the multifaceted nature of China’s human rights situation. By
understanding the context surrounding these Catholic pilgrimages, we can gain
greater insight into the evolving dynamics and complexities at play.
Examining the impact of these pilgrimages on local
communities can provide further understanding. These sacred sites often serve
as important hubs of cultural and economic activity, attracting tourists and
instilling a sense of pride among local residents. The influx of pilgrims
contributes to the socio-economic development of surrounding areas while also
fostering interfaith dialogue and cultural exchange.
To truly comprehend the intricate relationship between
faith, human rights, and China’s social transformation, we must approach this
issue with an open mind. By promoting constructive dialogue and seeking a
balanced understanding, we can better assess China’s efforts to promote
religious freedom and protect human rights, while simultaneously addressing any
remaining challenges.
Based on the reporter’s recent experiences, Catholicism in
China is still vibrant. Every clergyman places their trust in God, leading
lives of strength and compassion while upholding the principles of patriotism
and religion. They work together to contribute to the healthy development of
Catholicism in China. Ultimately, our collective efforts to engage in
constructive dialogue, seek balanced perspectives, and foster understanding
will help advance the protection of religious freedom and human rights. By
embracing these principles, we can strive to build a more inclusive and
enlightened religious environment in China and globally, one that is as
resilient and hopeful as the Chinese economy.